Hydraulic Control Valves for Forklift

Forklift Hydraulic Control Valve - The function of directional control valves is to direct the fluid to the desired actuator. Generally, these control valves consist of a spool situated inside of a housing made either of cast iron or steel. The spool slides to different positions within the housing. Intersecting channels and grooves direct the fluid based on the spool's location.

The spool has a neutral or central position that is maintained by springs. In this particular location, the supply fluid is blocked or returned to the tank. If the spool is slid to one side, the hydraulic fluid is directed to an actuator and provides a return path from the actuator to tank. When the spool is moved to the opposite direction, the return and supply paths are switched. When the spool is enabled to return to the neutral or center position, the actuator fluid paths become blocked, locking it into position.

The directional control is usually made to be stackable. They usually have a valve per hydraulic cylinder and a fluid input that supplies all the valves within the stack.

So as to avoid leaking and handle the high pressure, tolerances are maintained very tight. Normally, the spools have a clearance with the housing of less than a thousandth of an inch or 25 µm. So as to avoid distorting the valve block and jamming the valve's extremely sensitive components, the valve block would be mounted to the machine' frame by a 3-point pattern.

Mechanical levers, solenoids or a hydraulic pilot pressure might actuate or push the spool right or left. A seal enables a portion of the spool to stick out the housing where it is easy to get to to the actuator.

The main valve block controls the stack of directional control valves by capacity and flow performance. Several of these valves are designed to be proportional, like a proportional flow rate to the valve position, while some valves are designed to be on-off. The control valve is among the most costly and sensitive components of a hydraulic circuit.

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